Introduction: One of the most strategic crops in our country is wheat providing 45% of the protein and 55% calories necessary for the nutrition of our country’s population need. Nitrogen plays a vital role in boosting the yield of wheat and its lack is noticeable compared with other chemical components. Nowadays most cultivatable soils need nitrogen. Generally, the farmers use nitrogen fertilizers more than the recommended amounts to obtain higher yields.
Materials and methods: To evaluate the effect of time, rate, and method of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of winter wheat, this study was carried out in the field of Payaam Nour Arak University in Markazi province in 2019. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Time of nitrogen application (50% of nitrogen in planting date + 50% of nitrogen in tillering stage, 50% of nitrogen in tillering stage + 50% of nitrogen in stem elongation, and 50% of nitrogen in stem elongation + 50% of nitrogen in heading stage), rate of nitrogen application (150 kg/ha urea and 300 kg/ha urea) and method of nitrogen application (mix with soil, using by irrigation and foliar application) were assigned in plots. Each subplot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long.
Results: Results indicated that the effect of using time treatment on characteristics such as plant height, number of spikelets per spike, number of grain per spike, number of grain per spikelet, spike density, biological yield, harvest index, and grain yield were significant. The effect of nitrogen rate treatment on plant height, root length, number of spikelets per spike, spike density, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield was significant, too. Results indicated that treatment (using of 50% urea in planting date + using 50% urea in tillering stage) with an average grain yield (3219 kg/ha) and treatment (using 50% urea in stem elongation + using 50% urea in heading stage) with an average of grain yield (2797 kg/ha) was significantly superior to the other treatments.
Conclusion: The results of the recent experiment have shown that delaying the application of nitrogen fertilizers can significantly decrease the yield of seeds, by up to 13%. This delay indicates a postponement in the physiological step of the plant growth process. Nitrogen plays a crucial role in the growth and development of wheat, which is why it's important to carefully manage its application time, the method of application, and the amount applied. |
