Abstract
Introduction: Soybean with scientific name Glycine max L. is one the important crop in human nutrition and has a high planting area in the world. Water shortages in many stages of soybean development have reduced the yield of the product, but the negative effects of stress on growth, flowering, seed formation and seed filling are more important. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effects of superabsorbent and mycorrhiza fungi on soybean yield under water stress an experimental was conducted in the region of Turan Turku (the district of Ramyan, Golestan province) at summer of 2016.
Materials and methods: This experimental was carried out as a split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatments consisted 1) irrigation in three levels (once irrigation (before planting), twice irrigation (before planting + flowering time) and three irrigation (before planting + flowering time + podding time)), 2) superabsorbent treatment (Tarawat A200) at two levels (zero and 200 kg/ha) and 3) mycorrhiza treatment (Glomus moseae) in two levels (zero and 200 kg/ha). The number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield were measured.
Results: The results showed that the treatment of three irrigation + superabsorbent + without mycorrhiza with the 100 seed weight of 14.32 gr had the highest weight of 100 seed weight. The highest yield was obtained from treatment of three irrigation + without mycorrhiza + without superabsorbent with a weight of 4529.5 kg/ha. Although the three irrigation treatment had the highest effect on 100 seed weight and yield, but with increasing irrigation frequency from one time to two times, application of mycorrhiza with superabsorbent improved and increased the traits such as number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and final yield. Yield of 2652.4 kg/ha in treatment of two irrigation + without superabsorbent + without mycorrhiza increased up to 3665.9 kg/ha at treatment of two irrigation + superabsorbent + mycorrhiza, and also the weight of 100 seeds in the treatments mentioned from 10.17 to 11.72 gr increased.
Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that drought stress reduced pod number, 100 seed weight and final yield. The application of superabsorbent compare to mycorrhizal fungi during an irrigation period had a greater effect on reducing the negative effects of drought stress in the plant. By increasing the stage of irrigation from one time to two times, application of mycorrhiza with superabsorbent, improved and increased the traits tested, including number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and final yield. Irrigation of the product in three stages before planting, flowering time and pod formation with application or non-application of superabsorbent and mycorrhiza increased the number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and total grain yield, but application of superabsorbent or mycorrhiza alone or jointly can not to increased production.
Keywords: Pod formation, Flowering time, Seed yield, Coexistence |
