fa پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف گندم تحت شرایط تنش خشکی اکوفیزیولوژِی Ecophysiology پژوهشي Research <p dir="RTL" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed;"><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به&shy;منظور</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بررسی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اثر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تنش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">خشکی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">گرده&shy;افشانی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">صفات</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زراعی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برخی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ویژگی&shy;های فیزیولوژیکی برگ پرچم و سنبله ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف گندم آزمایشی به&shy;صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک&shy;های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. دو سطح آبیاری شامل شاهد (آبیاری در تمام مراحل رشدی براساس شرایط کشت آبی) و تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری پس از گرده&shy;افشانی تا پایان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">دوره</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رشد) به‌عنوان فاکتور اول و ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف گندم (</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">SHARK</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">TEVEE&#39;S&#39;//CROW/VEE&#39;S</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">: حساس،</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Sabalan</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">: نیمه‌متحمل، </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Sardari HR-86</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Dogu88/Ghafghaz 7</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">: متحمل) به&shy;عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج آزمایش مشخص کرد که، تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه از طریق کاهش وزن هزار دانه شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به ژنوتیپ نیمه‌متحمل </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> بود و کمترین عملکرد به ژنوتیپ حساس </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">SHARK</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> تعلق داشت. تحت شرایط تنش محتوای پروتئین محلول افزایش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین میزان آن در برگ پرچم به&shy;ترتیب مربوط به ژنوتیپ</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">&shy;</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">های </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Sardari HR-86</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">SHARK</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> بود و در سنبله به ژنوتیپ&shy;های </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">SHARK</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> تعلق داشت. فعالیت آنزیم&shy;های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز تحت تنش خشکی افزایش یافت. بیشترین فعالیت این آنزیم&shy;ها در برگ پرچم در ژنوتیپ متحمل </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Sardari HR-86</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و در سنبله در ژنوتیپ نیمه متحمل</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;در آخرین مرحله نمونه&shy;برداری مشاهده گردید، هم‌چنین ژنوتیپ&shy;های حساس کمترین فعالیت آنزیمی را نشان دادند. به&shy;نظر می&shy;رسد که، در ژنوتیپ </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> فعال شدن سیستم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">دفاعی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آنزیم&shy;های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کاتالاز،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پراکسیداز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نقش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کلیدی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">افزایش تحمل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تنش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">خشکی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">را داشته</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">است</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">.</span></span></span></strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">In order to study the drought stress of post-anthesis stage effect on agronomic characters and some of physiological traits in flag leaf and spike of different wheat genotypes, an experiment was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Two levels of irrigation: control (irrigation in all growth steps base on irrigated conditions) and drought stress (irrigation cut after anthesis stage until the end of growth period) as the first factor and different wheat genotypes (TEVEE&#39;S&#39;//CROW/VEE&#39;S and Shark: sensitive, Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 and Sabalan: semi tolerant, Sardari HR-86 and Dogu88/Ghafghaz7: tolerant) as the second factor were considered. Results showed the drought stress led to grain yield decrease through reducing thousand grain weights. Maximum grain yield was observed in the semi tolerant genotype Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 and Shark genotype showed the minimum grain yield. Soluble protein content increased under stress condition. Maximum and minimum soluble protein content in flag leaf were observed in Sardari HR-86 and Shark genotypes, respectively and in spikes, the highest soluble protein content was observed in Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 while the lowest observed in Shark. Catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes activity increased under the drought stress condition. The highest enzyme activity was observed in flag leaf of Sardari HR-86 the tolerant genotype and in spikes was observed in Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 the semi tolerant genotype in the last step of sampling. In addition sensitive genotypes showed the lowest enzyme activity. It seemed that in Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 genotype, defense system activating of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes had a key role in tolerance increase under the drought stress.</span></p> تنش خشکی, پراکسیداز, عملکرد, گندم Drought stress, Peroxidase, Yield, Wheat 103 126 http://arpe.gonbad.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-34-12&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 پریسا شریفی 10031947532846001377 10031947532846001377 Yes نیر محمدخانی 10031947532846001378 10031947532846001378 No