%0 Journal Article %A Mohammadi Kashk, Faezeh a %A Pirdashti, Hemmatollah %A Yaghoubian, Yasser %T Improvement of related parameters with rice panicle of Tarom Hashemi cultivar by using Piriformospora indica and Trichoderma virens fungi at different levels of phosphorus fertilization %J 2 %V 4 %N 2 %U http://arpe.gonbad.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.html %R %D 2018 %K %X Abstract Introduction: Sustainable agriculture based on the use of bio-fertilizers to significantly reduce or eliminate the chemical inputs is a good solution to overcome environmental problems including contamination of water resources, loss of quality of agricultural products and reduced soil fertility. Materials and methods: A field experiment was conducted as a split plots based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Ghaemshahr city at spring of 2015. Treatments were consisted of three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0 or control, 50 and 100 kg/ha of phosphorus from triple super phosphate source) and inoculation of Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica fungi in four levels (control (un-inoculated), seed inoculated, seedlings inoculated and seed + seedlings inoculated). Results: The results of the experiment indicated that the inoculation of fungi had a positive and significant effect on paddy yield, biomass and panicle weight in rice plant, so that paddy and biomass yield in seed inoculated method significantly increased by 42.8% and 36.9%, respectively. In control and 50 kg/ha of phosphorus conditions, seed inoculation significantly increased the panicle weight per plant (35.7 and 45.4%, respectively), the paddy weight in cluster (2.9 and 24.8%, respectively) and biomass (about 40 and 41%, respectively) of rice plant. Also, 100 kg/ha of phosphorus was applied with methods of seed, seedlings and seed + seedlings inoculations increased the rice biomass up to 30, 43 and 24%, respectively. Conclusion: In general, this experiment showed that simultaneous application of both P. indica and T. virens fungi under phosphorus application conditions had a synergistic effect as compared to the of phosphorus application alone. Keywords: Rice, Trichoderma, Endophytic fungi, Biomass, Yield %> http://arpe.gonbad.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.pdf %P 139-158 %& 139 %! %9 Research %L A-10-34-34 %+ %G eng %@ 9 %[ 2018