Foundation of efficient selection base on simple traits has been emphasized by plant breeders continuously. Twenty native fenugreek races across different parts of Iran were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications under drought condition. Seventeen agronomical and physiological traits were studied. By using step wise regression and considering rest of traits in regression model, path analysis was used for determining the effective traits on seed and biomass yield. Results showed that plant growth type and canopy temperature that were measured two weeks after flowering had the highest straight effect on seed yield. The direct and positive effect of plant growth type on the seed yield was 0.752. Also, among the investigated traits, plant growth type and date of maturity had a significant straight effect on biomass yield as well. The direct and positive effect of plant growth type on biomass yield was 1.253 that was more than the date of maturity effect. According to the present study results, plant growth type, canopy temperature and date of maturity were introduced as suitable indices for the selection of fenugreek genotypes with high seed and biomass yield under the drought condition.