In order to evaluate the yield and some traits of ajwain -barley intercropping affected by chemical and manure fertilizers, an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Zabol research farm during 2013. Main-plots were application of fertilizers at two levels: manure and chemical fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Sub-plots were included five planting arrangement; ajwain  sole culture with 30 cm distance between rows, barley sole culture with 20 cm distance between rows, ajwain  and barley mixed intercropping, ajwain  and barley replacement row intercropping with 45 cm distance between rows and ajwain  and barley replacement row intercropping with 60 cm distance between rows. Intercropping was row arrangement and ratio was one by one.  Effects of fertilizer and planting arrangement on quantitative traits of ajwain and barley including: plant height, number of grain per plant, number of tiller, one-thousand grain weight and grain yield were significant. So that manure was more effective than chemical fertilizer. Also these traits for ajwain had the highest increase in sole culture and the lowest increase in mixed intercropping, but for barley had the highest increase in mixed intercropping and the lowest increase in sole culture. Fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on oil percentage of ajwain. Chemical fertilizer significantly increased seed protein content of barley. Planting arrangement had no significant effect on the oil percentage of Ajwain and barley seed protein percentage. These findings suggest that intercropping of ajwain-barley with 60 cm distance along with manure application may be recommended for yield advantage on hot and dry regions of Zabol.